22 Identification of Fungi Isolated from Foods Using DNA Sequencing Analysis
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| Takashi CHIBA, Tomoaki WAUKE, Satoshi MOROZUMI, Kazuyoshi YANO, Akemi KAI and Sumio YAMADA |
| The identification of fungi isolated from foods is generally carried out by morphological observation and biochemical examination; however, it is not easy and exclusive knowledge about fungi is required. Recently, a molecular biology technique has been developed
to assist with the identification of fungus. In this paper, we studied the identification of fungi isolated from three foods by DNA-based sequence analysis amplified with universal primers intended for the rRNA gene (rDNA). As a result, identification by DNA sequencing analysis was possible and a useful procedure when fungi were not identified by phenotype examination. |
| fungi, DNA sequence analysis, complained foods, rRNA gene |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 57,159-163,2006 |
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| 23 Analysis of Hypo Chlorite in Stinker Drink by Capillary Electrophoresis
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| Keisuke KIMURA, Setsuko TABATA, Yumiko IWASAKI, Kenji IIDA, Kunihiro KAMATA and Masako HIROKADO |
| food, complaint, stink, hypo chlorite, chlorine, capillary electrophoresis, cooling drink |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 57,165-168,2006 |
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| 24 Detection Sensitivity of the Primer Pairs Used for Genetically Modified Soybean and Maize in Qualitative PCR
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| Rie MORIUCHI, Kimio MONMA, Naoki SAGI, Kunihiro KAMATA and Masako HIROKADO |
| genetically modified organism, Roundup Ready Soybean, genetically modified maize, qualitative PCR, primer pair, detection sensitivity |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 57,169-172,2006 |
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| 25 Classified Analysis of Residual Pesticides in Food by GC and GC/MS
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| Yasuhiro TAMURA, Ichiro TAKANO, Maki KOBAYASHI, Sanae TOMIZAWA, Yukinari TATEISHI, Naoko SAKAI, Kyoko KAMIJO and Akihiro IBE |
| We investigated a classification method for pesticide residues in food. Residues were extracted from samples with acetone: n-hexane (2:3) and coextractives were removed with Envi-Carb/LC-NH2 column cleanup. Analysis was performed by GC-FPD, GC-FTD, GC-ECD and GC/MS (SIM). The method was evaluated for 83 pesticides by fortifying pimento, spinach, mango, lemon and rice at the level of 0.1 µg/g of each pesticide. Recovery was more than 70% except for 5 pesticides (dichlorvos, dimethoate, disulfoton, oxadixyl, parathion-methyl). This method was useful for the routine analyical method of residual pesticides in food. |
| pesticide residue, classified analysis, food, GC, GC/MS |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 57,173-178,2006 |
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| 26 Analysis of Pesticides by a Simplified Kit Based on Inhibition of Cholinesterase Activity
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| Kyoko KAMIJO, Ichiro TAKANO, Maki KOBAYASHI, Yasuhiro TAMURA, Sanae TOMIZAWA, Yukinari TATEISHI, Naoko SAKAI, Toshihiro NAGAYAMA and Akihiro IBE |
| We studied the quality and quantity of organophosphorus pesticides and carbamate pesticides using a cholinesterase inhibition activity kit. The strength of inhibition was detected from variations in the color of the kit, and the strength of color was determined by a densitometer (absorbance at 650 nm). This enabled quantitative analysis of each pesticide within a narrow range. These pesticides had their own ranges of response to the enzyme activity inhibition kit. The responses of chlorpyrifos and malathion were observed above 0.2 µg/mL, and those of carbaryl and methomyl were observed above 5 µg/mL. We applied this method to compare the inhibition of cholinesterase activity of organophosphorus pesticides and carbamate pesticides. The total response of inhibition when several pesticides were mixed almost corresponded to the strength of each pesticide response put together. |
| inhibition, simple kit, cholinesterase, organophosphorus pesticide, carbamate pesticide, densitometer |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 57,179-182,2006 |
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| 27 Analysis of Piperonyl Butoxide in Herbs and Processed Foods of Cereals or Beans
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| Yukinari TATEISHI, Ichiro TAKANO, Maki KOBAYASHI, Yasuhiro TAMURA, Sanae TOMIZAWA, Naoko SAKAI, Kyoko KAMIJO and Akihiro IBE |
| An analytical method for the determination of piperonyl butoxide in herbs and processed foods of cereals or beans was developed using HPLC equipped with a fluorescence detector. Piperonyl butoxide was extracted with acetonitrile. The crude extract was washed with saturated NaCl solution. After concentration, the extract was partitioned between saturated NaCl and n-hexane. The n-hexane layer was concentrated and put on an ENVI-CarbTM mini-column for cleanup, and was eluted with ethyl acetate-acetonitrile (3:7). Piperonyl butoxide was detected without interference on a chromatogram. The recoveries of piperonyl butoxide from samples were 75.6-94.4%, and the quantitation limit was 0.01 µg/g. |
| piperonyl butoxide, HPLC, herbs, processed foods of cereal, processed foods of beans, solid phase extraction |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 57,183-186,2006 |
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| 28 Determination of Cyromazine in Animal-derived Foods by HPLC
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| Hiroshi HAYASHI, Kazue TAKEBA, Tomoko KUSANO, Keiko USHIYAMA, Miho SAKAMOTO, Maki KANDA, Kyoko IGUSA, Taka OSANAI and Akihiro IBE |
| An analytical method of insecticide cyromazine in milk, chicken muscle and egg by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode array detection was developed. Chromatographic separation of cyromazine was performed on a C18 column (3 µm, 4.6 mm i.d.×75 mm) using a mixture of 50 mmol/L ammonium acetate-acetonitrile as the mobile phase, at 40°C and at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Cyromazine in food samples was extracted with 0.4% metaphosphoric acid-methanol (1:1). The extracts were cleaned up with a cation-exchange cartridge, Oasis MCX. Average recoveries (n=5) of cyromazine from spiked food samples were 73-84%, the coefficients of variation (C.V.) were 1-14%, the limits of detection (S/N=3) were 5 ng/g. Identification of cyromazine was performed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) |
| cyromazine, insecticide, residual analysis, animal-derived foods, raw milk, chicken, egg, HPLC, LC/MS |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 57,187-191,2006 |
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| 29 The Content of Chloropropanols in Various Seasonings and Pickles
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| Jin SUZUKI, Setsuko TABATA, Keisuke KIMURA, Kenji IIDA and Kunihiro KAMATA |
| Chloropropanols (3-chloro-1,2-propandiol (3-MCPD), 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (1,3-DCP), 2,3-dichloro-1-prop-anol (2,3-DCP)) levels in 106 samples of seasonings and 25 samples of pickles were determined by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detector (GC/MS). The limit of quantification was 0.01 mg/kg. 3-MCPD was detected from 22 samples of 106 seasonings. In particular, high level 3-MCPD of 0.1 mg/kg or more was detected from some samples from Thailand and the Philippines. 2,3-DCP was detected from 2 samples that detected a high level of 3-MCPD. 3-MCPD was detected from 3 samples of 25 pickles. |
| chloropropanol, 3-chloro-1,2-propandiol, 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol, 2,3-dichloro-1-propanol, seasoning, pickles, soy sauce, GC/MS |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 57,193-198,2006 |
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| 30 Simultaneous Determination of α-Tocopherol Acetate and Tocopherol Homologues in Juice
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| Tetsuya SHINDO, Mitsuo OISHI, Fusako ISHIKAWA, Masao HORIE, Akiko YASUI, Shuzo OGINO and Koichi ITO |
| A method for the simultaneous determination of α-tocopherol acetate (TocAc) and tocopherol (Toc) homologues (α, β, γ and δ-Toc) in juices using reversed-phase HPLC was developed. TocAc and Toc homologues were well separated on a C30 column with methanol as a mobile phase within 20 minutes at 5°C and monitored with a UV detector (281 nm) and fluorescence detector (ex. 298 nm, em. 325 nm). The extraction rates of TocAc and Toc homologues from juice with ethyl acetate were more than 97%. The content of TocAc in juice made in America by the proposed method was 270 µg/mL in 2003. An analysis of 25 imported juice samples on the market revealed that only α-Toc was detected in 9 samples, and no TocAc, β, γ and δ-Toc were detected in these samples. This method is applicable to detect TocAc and Toc homologues in juice. |
| α-tocopherol acetate, tocopherol, juice, non-permitted food additives, imported foods, HPLC, C30, GC/MS |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 57,199-203,2006 |
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| 31 Retention Time Variation of Food Yellow No.4 (Tartrazine) in HPLC
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| Tetsuya SHINDO, Mitsuo OISHI, Fusako ISHIKAWA, Masao HORIE, Akiko YASUI and Koichi ITO |
| When food yellow No.4 (Y4) extracted from kounago (sand lance) was analyzed on an HPLC, a retention time of Y4 peak was shifted and this phenomenon was reproducible. The retention time of the Y4 peak was not affected by Y4 concentration in the test solution, but was affected as the ethanol concentration in the solution increased or the solution volume into HPLC increased. These results revealed that the retention time variation of the Y4 peak was based on the total volume of ethanol in the test solution loaded to HPLC. When ethanol as a organic solvent in the test solution was converted to acetonitrile or methanol, the retention time of Y4 peak shifted, too. On the determination of eleven kinds of synthetic food dyes except for Y4 by HPLC, the retention times of R2, B2, R40, R102 and Y5 peaks were affected by volumes of 20 µL (R2 and B2) or 50 µL (R40, R102 and Y5) loaded on HPLC. The retention times of dyes eluted early from the HPLC column tend to shift, and from the results it was suggested that the retention time variation of dye peaks was caused by the polarity of the test solution that was lower than the mobile phase. |
| food yellow No.4 (tartrazine), HPLC, change of retention time, coal-tar dye, LC/MS |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 57,205-209,2006 |
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| 32 Study on Addition of Sodium Azide for Determination of Sulfite in Foods
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| Yukiko YAMAJIMA, Nobuo TAGUCHI, Chigusa KOBAYASHI, Husako ISHIKAWA and Koichi ITO |
| sulfite, nitrate, sodium azide, ion chromatography, modified Rankine apparatus |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 57,211-214,2006 |
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| 33 Rapid Determination of Sodium Azide Mixed in Food
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| Michiko MIYAKODA, Eiko AMAKAWA and Toshihiro NAGAYAMA |
| sodium azide, high speed refrigerated centrifuge, food, rapid determination, health harm, HPLC |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 57,215-218,2006 |
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| 34 Analysis of Carotenoids and Antioxidants in Farmed Salmons
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| Keiko SUZUKI, Yuki SADAMASU, Keiko HIRATA, Yasuhiro SHIMAMURA, Keiichi FUNAYAMA, Hitoshi OGAWA, Kouichi ITO, Takuma ISHIMOTO and Nobuyuki MICHIHATA |
| canthaxanthin, astaxanthin, farmed salmons, carotenoids, antioxidants |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 57,219-222,2006 |
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| 35 Determination of Glucono-δ-lactone in Tofu by HPLC
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| Kayo HAGINO, Yoko KASUYA, Hiroko MATSUMOTO, Narue SAKAMAKI and Toshihiro NAGAYAMA |
| tofu, glucono-δ-lactone, gluconic acid, coagulant, food additives, HPLC |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 57,223-225,2006 |
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| 36 Migration of Nonylphenol from Plastic Food Packaging into Foods
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| Akiko YASUI, Mitsuo OISHI, Fusako ISHIKAWA, Tetsuya SHINDO, Masao HORIE and Koichi ITO |
| nonylphenol, food, plastic, GC/MS, LC/MS/MS, migration test |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 57,227-230,2006 |
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| 37 Determination of Bisphenol A in Canned Meat and Marine Products
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| Hiroyuki MIYAKAWA, Reiko KANEKO and Kunihiro KAMATA |
| bisphenol A, canned meat, canned marine products, GC/MS |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 57,231-233,2006 |
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| 38 Rapid Determination of Glyphosate and Glufosinate Mixed in Food
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| Eiko AMAKAWA, Tutomu OGIWARA and Toshihiro NAGAYAMA |
| glyphosate, glufosinate, food, rapid determination, health damage |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 57,235-238,2006 |
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| 39 Rapid Determination of Paraquat and Diquat Mixed in Food
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| Yoko AOYAGI, Eiko AMAKAWA and Toshihiro NAGAYAMA |
| paraquat, diquat, food, rapid determination, health damage |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 57,239-242,2006 |
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| 40 Survey of Pesticide Residues in Domestic Vegetables and Fruits (Apr. 2005 - Mar. 2006)
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| Sanae TOMIZAWA, Ichiro TAKANO, Maki KOBAYASHI, Yasuhiro TAMURA, Yukinari TATEISHI, Naoko SAKAI, Kyoko KAMIJO and Akihiro IBE |
| Pesticide residues in 63 samples of 22 species of domestic vegetables and fruits on the Tokyo market in fiscal 2005 were investigated. Twelve kinds of pesticides were detected in 12 samples of 8 species of domestic vegetables (detection rate: 19%). Their concentrations were between trace (0.005 - 0.01 ppm) and 2.6 ppm. Twelve kinds of pesticides were detected in 8 samples of 5 species of domestic fruits (13%). Their concentrations were between trace and 1.2 ppm. Residues of these pesticides were at levels lower than Japanese MRLs. |
| pesticide residues, domestic products, vegetables, fruits, insecticides, fungicides, organic agricultural products |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 57,243-247,2006 |
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| 41 Survey of Pesticide Residues in Imported Crops (Organophosphorus and Organonitrogen Pesticides) (Apr. 2005 - Mar. 2006)
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| Kyoko KAMIJO, Ichiro TAKANO, Maki KOBAYASHI, Yasuhiro TAMURA, Sanae TOMIZAWA, Yukinari TATEISHI, Naoko SAKAI and Akihiro IBE |
| Organophosphorus and organonitrogen pesticide residues in 227 imported crops, obtained from the Tokyo market in fiscal year 2005, were investigated. In 21 species of crops, the residues of 13 organophosphorus insecticides, 8 organonitrogen fungicides, and an organonitrogen herbicide were detected. Concentrations of organophosphorus insecticides (diazinon, methamidophos, chlorpyrifos, etc.) were at the level of between trace(0.005 - 0.01 ppm) and 0.31 ppm in 27 crops, organonitrogen fungicides (triadimefon, triflumizole, flusilazole, etc.) were between trace and 0.13 ppm in 8 crops, and organonitrogen herbicide (simazine) was 0.03 ppm in 1 crop, respectively. Residues of these pesticides were at levels lower than the maximum residue limits (MRLs) of Japan, the Codex MRLs for pesticides, and the MRLs of each country. |
| pesticide residues, imported crops, organophosphorus pesticides, organonitrogen pesticides, maximum residue limit (MRL) |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 57,249-254,2006 |
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| 42 Survey of Pesticide Residues in Imported Crops (Organochlorines, N-Methyl Carbamates and the Other Pesticides) (Apr. 2005 - Mar. 2006)
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| Naoko SAKAI, Ichiro TAKANO, Maki KOBAYASHI, Yasuhiro TAMURA, Sanae TOMIZAWA Yukinari TATEISHI, Kyoko KAMIJO and Akihiro IBE |
| Pesticide residues in 227 imported crops, obtained from Tokyo market in fiscal year 2005, were investigated. Residues of organochlorine pesticides, five kinds of insecticides (total-BHC, Chlorfenapyr, total-DDT, Dicofol and total-Endosulfan), and four kinds of fungicides (Captan, Chlorothalonil, Iprodione and Procymidone) were detected in 12 species of 14 crops between trace (0.005 - 0.01 ppm) and 1.1 ppm. Among N-methyl carbamate pesticides, one kind of insecticide (Carbaryl) was detected in one species of one crop at 1.4 ppm. From the pyrethroid pesticide group, five kinds of insecticides (Cyhalothrin, Cypermethrin, Fenpropathrin, Fenvalerate and Permethrin) were detected in four species of four crops between trace and 0.40 ppm. In the others, three kinds of fungicides (Imazalil, o-Phenylphenol and Thiabendazole), two kinds of herbicides (2,4-D and Chlorpropham), and one kind of insecticide (Piperonyl butoxide) were detected in seven species of 27 crops between trace and 4.1 ppm. Residues of these pesticides were at levels lower than the maximum residue limits (MRLs) of Japan, the MRLs of the each country, and the Codex MRLs for pesticides. |
| pesticide residues, imported crops, organochlorine pesticides, N-methyl carbamate pesticides, pyrethroid pesticides, insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, post harvest application |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 57,255-260,2006 |
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| 43 Radioactive Contamination in Imported Foods, Apr. 2005 - Mar. 2006
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| Kimiko KAN, Hirofumi USHIYAMA, Toshiko SHIMOI, Kunihiro KAMATA and Masako HIROKADO |
| Chernobyl reactor accident, radioactive contamination, imported foods, survey, cesium, mushroom, compote of blueberry, NaI(Tl) scintillation detector |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 57,261-265,2006 |
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| 44 Determination of Mineral Contents in Commercial Mineral Supplements
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| Mami OGIMOTO, Yoko UEMATSU, Junichiro KABASHIMA, Kumi SUZUKI, Tetsuko YASUNO, Yuichi KOHMARU, Tetsuo SAITOH, Rina NAKAMURA and Koichi ITO |
| The contents of minerals (Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn and Cr) were determined for 71 commercial mineral supplements. Obtained values were compared with the dietary allowance indicated in the Japanese Nutrient-based Dietary Reference Intakes 2005. Maximum daily intake of Fe, Zn, Cu and Cr exceeded the recommended dietary allowances for most of the products. The supply of minerals by continuous intake of these products, in addition to the supply from daily meals, would lead to excess intake of minerals. |
| supplement, calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, chromium, inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry, recommended dietary allowance, adequate intake |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 57,267-271,2006 |
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| 45 Survey of Nonylphenol Migrated from Plastic Food Containers and Packages
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| Reiko KANEKO, Keiichi FUNAYAMA, Nahoko HANEISHI, Tetsuko YASUNO, Yoichi NAKAJIMA, Tomoko UEHARA, Kensuke HAYASI and Koichi ITO |
| nonylphenol, migration, plastic, food container, food package |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 57,273-277,2006 |
| |
| 46 Determination of Total Mercury in Processed Fishes by Microwave Digestion
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| Teruhiko HAGIWARA, Takashi AMEMIYA, Yasushi ONO, Kazuko MIZUISHI, Shuzo OGINO and Kazuo SAITO |
| total mercury, microwave digestion, digestion under reflux with nitric and sulphuric acid, processed fishes |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 57,279-281,2006 |
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| 47 Survey on Concentrations of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Fish and Shellfish, 1998 - 2005
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| Takashi AMEMIYA, Kazuko MIZUISHI, Yasushi ONO, Teruhiko HAGIWARA, Shuzo OGINO and Kazuo SAITO |
| polychlorinated biphenyls, pollution, fish and shellfish |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 57,283-287,2006 |
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| 48 Outbreaks of Food Poisoning by Chemical and Naturally Occurring Toxicants in Tokyo, 2005
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| Kimiko KAN, Hirofumi USHIYAMA, Toshiko SHIMOI, Kunihiro KAMATA and Masako HIROKADO |
| chemical food poisoning, Amaryllidaceae, lycorine, Veratrum grandiflorum, veratrine, histamine, young yellowtail, tuna |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 57,289-292,2006 |
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| 49 Case Studies on Complaints against Foods, Apr. 2005 - Mar. 2006
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| Keisuke KIMURA, Setsuko TABATA, Yumiko IWASAKI, Kenji IIDA, Mitsuo NAKAZATO, Kunihiro KAMATA and Masako HIROKADO |
| food, complaint, foreign substance, pyrolysis gas chromatograph, strawberry jam, poly vinyl chloride, poly vinyl acetate, bamboo shoot, string, ground meat, musty |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 57,293-297,2006 |