51 The Effect of Diesel-Exhaust-Exposure in Utero and Via Lactation on Immune Response to Cryptomeria japonica Pollen in Rats
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| Nobue WATANABE, Masanobu OHSAWA, Katsuhiro YUZAWA, Norio YANO, Akemichi NAGASAWA, Yoshikazu KUBO, Hiroshi TAKAHASHI, Hiroshi ANDO, Akio OGATA and Shin-ichi UEHARA |
| The inhalation of diesel exhaust during fetus accelerated the elevation of IgE against pollen. This study was conducted to determine whether maternal inhalation of diesel-exhaust had an influence on their offspring by cross fostering animals at birth. On the day of birth, litters of the exposed to total- or filtered-diesel-exhaust groups, and litters of the non-exposed group were cross-fostered, resulting in the following groups: Control (clean air); T→C, F→C (exposed to total- or filtered-diesel-exhaust in utero and suckled by non-exposed mothers); C→T and C→F (suckled by mothers exposed to total or filtered-diesel-exhaust during pregnancy). Total-diesel-exhaust contained 1.71 mg/m3 particulate matter and 0.80 ppm nitrogen. Filtered-diesel-exhaust contained 0.79 ppm nitrogen dioxide. Intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg crude cedar pollen was performed 3 or 4 times at 2-week intervals from the 49th day after birth. The IgE titers measured by P-K reaction of the T→C and F→C groups were significantly higher than those of the Control, C→T and C→F groups after the 3rd immunization. The IgE titers in the C→T and C→F groups were the same as those of the Control group even after the 4th immunization. The present findings demonstrated that in utero exposure was a major cause of the immunotoxicity. |
| diesel exhaust, rat, Cryptomeria japonica pollen, IgE, cross-fostering, in utero, via lactation |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 55,301-305,2004 |
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| 52 Study on Androgenic and Anti-Androgenic Effects of Phthalate Esters with the Reporter Gene Assay Using AR-EcoScreen, Stable Transfected CHO-K1 Cells
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| Kanako SATOH, Ryouichi NONAKA, Miki IKEDA, Tsuyoshi SATOH, Hisashi KAMIMURA and Fumiko NAGAI |
| Phthalate diesters are widely used as plasticizers to give flexibility to a variety of polyvinyl chloride-based product such as transfusion tubes, gloves and food wraps. Because they are leached from plastic over time, and are volatile lipid-soluble compounds, phthalate diesters are ubiquitous environmental contaminants. When they are administered to rats, phthalate diesters rapidly metabolize into mono-phthalate esters. Some phthalate diesters were shown to have weak estrogenic activity in vitro and in vivo experiments. We previously revealed the binding affinity of diethylhexyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate and dicyclohexyl phthalate for androgen receptors in the screening tests of many chemicals. In this study, the androgenic and anti-androgenic effects of phthalate diesters and mono-phthalate esters were examined by AR reporter gene assay using cell lines of stable transfection, which express AR and luciferase-based reporter genes. These results showed that none of the phthalate esters that were tested had androgenicity. On the other hand, androgen antagonistic activities were observed in diethyl phthalate, diisopropyl phthalate, di-n-hexyl phthalate, and butylbenzyl phthalate. |
| endocrine disruptor, diethyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate, mono-ethyl phthalate, mono-buthyl phthalate, mono-cyclohexyl phthalate, reporter gene assay, anti-androgenic effect, androgenic effect |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 55,307-314,2004 |
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| 53 Comet Assay Attempted with Silver Staining Method and Manual Microscopic Analysis Using CHO-K1 Cells
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| Sumiko TAYAMA and Yoshio NAKAGAWA |
| comet assay, CHO-K1 cells, silver staining |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 55,315-318,2004 |
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| 54 Reversibility of Hemolytic Anemia and Pathological Changes in Spleen by Sub-acute Dietary Administration of Chlorpropham
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| Tomoko FUJITANI, Yukie TADA, Norio YANO, Katsuhiro YUZAWA, Akemichi NAGASAWA and Akio OGATA |
| Administration of Chlorpropham at 600 or more ppm of dietary level for 13 weeks dose-dependently induced methemoglobinemia, hemolytic anemia and accompanied pathological changes in spleen, liver and kidney of male F344 rats. Rats were given standard (0 ppm) diet after 13 weeks administration of Chlorpropham and recovery of hematological and pathological changes were observed for 10 weeks. The hematological changes, congestion of red pulp with lymphoid atrophy in spleen or increased hematopoiesis in spleen, liver and bone marrow were recovered within 10 weeks. The hemosiderin deposition in spleen and kidney and fibrosis in spleen of treated rats were persistent, although the severity of changes was reduced. The reversibility of hematological changes and persistence of hemosiderin deposition and fibrosis in spleen suggested the significance of the secondary splenotoxicity rather than the primary hemotoxicity of Chlorpropham in long term administration. |
| chlorpropham, hemolytic anemia,
splenotoxicity, hemosiderin deposition, splenic fibrosis, reversibility |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 55,319-326,2004 |
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| 55 Mutagenicity of Commercial Tea
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| Seiji YOSHIDA, Hiroshi FUJITA, Akio OGATA and Hisashi KAMIMURA |
| kakoryuryokucha, Ames test, chromosome analysis, chinese hamster |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 55,327-330,2004 |
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| 56 Effects of Neonatal Exposure of Tetrabromobisphenol A, a Flame Retardant, in the Reproductive Organ of SD Male Rats
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| Yukie TADA, Yoshimitsu SAKAMOTO, Norio YANO, Kuniaki TAYAMA, Hiroshi TAKAHASHI, Katsuhiro YUZAWA, Hiroshi ANDO, Yoshikazu KUBO, Akemichi NAGASAWA and Akio OGATA |
| Tetrabromobisphenol A [2,2-bis- (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl) -propane; TBBPA], a brominated flame retardant, is produced in large amounts globally for use in electronic equipment, plastics, and building materials. TBBPA has been detected in air at dismantling plants, offices with computers, in sewage sludge, sediment and human serum samples. In the present study, we examined the neonatal low dose effects of TBBPA on male reproductive organs and spermatogenesis. TBBPA, of at least 98.7% purity, was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide and administered to neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats at doses of 0 (control), 1, 10, 100 and 1000 µg/kg body weight from post natal day (PND) 1 through 10 by subcutaneous injection using micro-syringe with dose volume of 1 mL/kg body weight. The offspring, 70 days-of-age, were anesthetized under ether and necropsied, then the reproductive organs and sperm production were examined. The results showed that the preputial gland weights were slightly higher, the averages of preleptotene spermatocyte, pachytene spermatocyte and round spermatid were slightly decreased, and the cauda epididymal sperm reserves were slightly decreased, in treated rats. However, there were no statistical differences between the control and treated groups. |
| tetrabromobisphenol A, flame retardant, rat, sperm, reproductive organ, neonatal exposure |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 55,331-334,2004 |
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| 57 Inhibition and Stimulation of Proriferation by Testosterone in Human Breast Cancer Cell MCF-7
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| Hiroshi FUJITA and Akio OGATA |
| testosterone, androgen, MCF-7, proriferation |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 55,335-338,2004 |
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| 58 Specimen Preparation for Wide Area Observation Using Transmission Electron Microscope
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| Nobutaka FUKUMORI and Akio OGATA |
| wide area observation, ultrathin sectioning, mouse liver, transmission electron microscope |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 55,339-343,2004 |