39 Assessment of Sampling Sites Using a Ranking Method for Toxic Element Concentrations of Fine Particles (PM2.5) and Coarse Particles in Ambient Air
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| Masayuki KURITA, Norio OHASHI and Shin-ichi UEHARA |
| Urban ambient particulate matter is divided into two groups according to particle size distribution: fine particles (FP), called PM2.5, less than 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter, and coarse particles (CP) between 2.5 and 10 µm in aerodynamic diameter. The aim of this study was to estimate concentrations of toxic elements in FP and CP, and to assess sampling sites by a ranking method for the toxic levels. In FP and CP samples collected at seven sites in Tokyo between May 2002 and March 2003, sixteen toxic elements were determined. The toxic element concentrations ranged from values less than 0.01 ng/m3 in cadmium concentrations of FP to about 1,200 ng/m3 in aluminium and iron concentrations of CP. In view of the wide range of concentrations, a method for ranking the concentrations of toxic elements without assumption of normality was useful to assess toxic levels of sites. Using the ranking method for all the sixteen element concentrations in FP or CP sampled during the period, we obtained a rank order of each element for each site. To integrate toxicity information, reranking among the ranks and summing of the sixteen toxic elements of each site, provided simple and clear standings for these sites. This ranking method for toxic element concentrations of ambient
particles will be a good tool for evaluating a series of sampling sites in the light of integrated information on the health hazard. |
| toxic element, fine particles (PM2.5), coarse particles, ranking method, assessment, urban ambient particulate matter |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 55,227-233,2004 |
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| 40 The State of Passive
Smoking Estimated from Cotinine levels in the Serum and Urine as a Marker of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure
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| Chieko HAYAFUJI, Sueko ISOGAI, Yasuo WATANABE, Izumi KUBOYAMA, Koichi MARUYAMA, Kazuyoshi YANO and Yasuko YOSHIDA |
| cotinine, serum, urine, environmental tobacco smoke, passive smoking, medical examination of a small-scale company, questionnaire survey |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 55,235-239,2004 |
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| 41 Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted from Paints and an Adhesive
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| Aya ONUKI, Ikue SAITO, Hiroshi SETO, Shin-ichi UEHARA and Hisashi KAMIMURA |
| paint, adhesive, volatile organic compounds, ethyltoluene, small chamber test method, emission rate |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 55,241-246,2004 |
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| 42 Phthalate and Phosphate Esters Emitted from Surfaces of Personal Computers and TV Sets
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| Ikue SAITO, Aya ONUKI, Shin-ichi UEHARA, Hiroshi SETO and Hisashi KAMIMA |
| Migration rates of 6 phthalates and 7 phosphate esters from the surfaces of electric appliances such as TV sets, personal computers and computer monitors, to a solid extraction disk were measured. A solid extraction disk was placed on the surface of an electric appliance for 24 hours. The target compounds that had migrated to the disk were extracted and analyzed by GC/MS-SIM for phthalates, and by GC-FPD for phosphate esters. The compounds that had migrated to the disk from the surfaces of electric appliances were 6 phthalates and 6 phosphate esters. The phthalates predominantly detected were di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). The median migration rates of these 2 compounds were higher in TV sets (n=8) than personal computers (n=4) and computer monitors (n=7). The highest migration rate of DEHP from electric appliances was 419 µg/m2/h in a TV set. The phosphate esters predominantly detected were tris(2-chloroisopropyl)phosphate (TCIPP) and tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (TCEP) in TV sets, and was triphenylphosphate (TPHP) in personal computers and computer monitors. The highest migration rate of TPHP from computer monitor was 20.7 µg/m2/h. Classifying the TV sets into two groups according to the year of manufacture in two groups, the median migration rates of detected compounds were higher in the old-product group than in the new-product group. |
| electric appliance, television, computer, indoor air, phthalates, phosphate esters, plasticizer, flame retardant, solid extraction disk |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 55,247-252,2004 |
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| 43 An Improved N,N-Diethyl-p-Phenylenediamine (DPD) Photometric Methodfor the Determination of Chlorine Dioxide, Chlorite Ion and Residual Chlorine in Swimming Pool Waters
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| Atsuko KAWAMOTO, Takanari ARIGA, Hiroko OSHIDA, Yutaka OKAMOTO and Kazuo YASUDA |
| chlorine dioxide, chlorite ion, residual chlorine, chlorine ion, DPD photometric method, swimming pool, pool water |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 55,253-257,2004 |
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| 44 Development of a Specific Detection Method for Cryptosporidium parvum by PCR Applicable to Environmental Water
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| Mitsugu HOSAKA, Chieko TAKADA and Yoshitsugu OCHIAI |
| Cryptosporidium parvum, nested PCR, Cpgp40/15, primer, immunomagnetic separation method, turbidity |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 55,259-264,2004 |
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| 45 Improvement of Strontium Recovery from Water Sample for Determination of Environmental Radioactivity by Using Electromagnetic Induction Heating
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| Satoko FUJIE, Hiroyuki KONISHI, Hiroshi SETO and Kumiko YAGUCHI |
| environmental radioactivity, electromagnetic induction heating, water sample, strontium, recovery |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 55,265-267,2004 |
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| 46 The Water Quality of Private Water Supplies Utilizing Groundwater
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| Toshinari SUZUKI, Tsuyoshi IGARASHI, Misako INABA, Mihoko USAMI and Kazuo YASUDA |
| private water supply, Tama district, groundwater, water quality |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 55,269-273,2004 |
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| 47 Survey of Water Quality Associated with Swimming Pool Waters (2003.4 - 2004.3)
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| Takanari ARIGA, Atsuko KAWAMOTO, Hiroko OSHIDA, Yutaka OKAMOTO, Mie IWAYA, Kumiko KUSUNOKI, Takeshi ISHIKAMI and Kazuo YASUDA |
| swimming pool, warmth bath, potassium permanganate consumed, free chlorine, Legionella specie, coliforms, standard plate count |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 55,275-281,2004 |
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| 48 Distribution of Legionella Species in Urban Water Environments with Reference to Their Coexisting Organisms (Apr. 2003 - Mar. 2004)
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| Chieko TAKADA, Mitsugu HOSAKA and Takaichi ENOKIDA |
| urban water environments, Legionella species, cooling tower, hot-water supply system, hot spring, amoebae |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 55,283-287,2004 |
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| 49 Detection of Legionella Species from Hot Bathtub Circulating System (2003)
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| Mie IWAYA, Kumiko KUSUNOKI, Takeshi ISHIKAMI, Kazumi SEKINE, Yoshio IWASAKI, Toshio MAKI, Kenji KASAKURA, Tatuo HITOMI, Kazuyoshi YANO and Yasuko YOSHIDA |
| hot bathtub circulating system, bath water, Legionella species, standard plate, chlorination, coliforms, home for the aged |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 55,289-293,2004 |
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| 50 A Survey of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in the Chichi-jima and Haha-jima, Ogasawara Islands
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| Jun SUZUKI, Rie MURATA, Hirofumi MIYAKE and Yoshitoki YANAGAWA |
| Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Achantina fulica, third stage larvae, infection rate |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 55,295-298,2004 |