5 Identification of Crud Drugs Combined in OTC Drugs of Antitussive and Expectorant
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| Takako SETO, Tomoko HAMANO, Hiroko SHIODA and Ichiro YASUDA |
| antitussive and expectorant, crude drug, solidphase extraction, TLC, identification |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 55,37-42,2004 |
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| 6 Organophosphorus and Pyrethroid Pesticide Residues in the Crude Drugs and the Decoctions
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| Hiroko SHIODA, Tomoko HAMANO, Junichi NAKAJIMA, Juichi SHIMOMURA, Daisaku SUETSUGU and Ichiro YASUDA |
| We have only a few crude drugs, Senna Leaf and Ginseng, that have the tolerance for pesticides in the pharmacopoeia of Japan. This June, it was reported in some news papers that 4 organophosphorus pesticides and 2 pyrethroid pesticides were detected in 4 other crude drugs. There are many reports for pesticides in foods, but few in crude drugs. So we investigated 8 organophosphorus pesticides and 3 pyrethroid pesticides in 22 samples of 13 crude drugs. 5 organophosphorus pesticides were detected at 0.04 ppm - 1.7 ppm in 2 crude drugs, Citrus Unshiu Peel and Perilla Herb, and 3 pyrethroid pesticides were detected at 0.05 ppm - 0.44 ppm in 5 crude drugs, Citrus Unshiu Peel, Cornus Fruit, Jujube, Perilla Herb and Senna Leaf. As for the detected ones, the water extracts had low migration except for isocarbophos. |
| crude drugs, pesticide residue, organophosphorus pesticides, pyrethroid pesticides, decoction |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 55,43-47,2004 |
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| 7 The Factors of Deviation in Analyzing Pyrethroid Pesticides Residues and Their Contents in Crude Drugs
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| Junichi NAKAJIMA, Tomoko HAMANO, Hiroko SHIODA, Ichiro YASUDA, Hiroyuki KAMAKURA and Yukihiro GOUDA |
The factors of deviation in analyzing pyrethroid pesticides in crude drugs were investigated, and the following results were obtained. Although there were few differences between the processing methods of peak height and area of cypermethrin (Cyp), for quantitative analysis, the method of peak height, that is marginally influenced by impurities of its sample, was more effective. Although GC analysis was less stable compared to HPLC, it was found that the coefficient value (C.V.) of GC-ECD was at most 5%. It was found that pesticides in the perilla herb were unevenly distributed, so making an homogeneous powder of the sample was an important step for good repeatability analysis. In consideration of this, the C.V. value of Cyp and fenvalerate (Fen), after analyzing the uniformed powder of the perilla Herb, was 2% (n=6).
With these results achieved, we analyzed 11 kinds of crude drugs, in 121 commercial samples collected in Japan. Fen was detected in 24 samples and Cyp was detected in 13 samples. It was also suggested that suitable processing methods such as pulverization, extraction, and more detailed examination of the analysis method are required for each crude drug from now on.
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| crude drugs, pesticide residue, pyrethroid pesticide, GC-ECD, repeatability, Perilla Herb |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 55,49-53,2004 |
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| 8 Identification of St. John's Wort and the Same Genus Plants
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| Masako ARAGANE, Tatsuo FUKUDA, Masao YOSHIZAWA, Yukiko SUZUKI, Youzi MORIMOTO, Tomoko HAMANO and Ichiro YASUDA |
| St. John's wort, Hypericum perforatum L., the same genus plants, identification, herb supplement |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 55,55-59,2004 |
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| 9 Studies of Identification of Datura Seeds
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| Tatsuo FUKUDA, Misako TAKAHASHI, Masako ARAGANE, Masao YOSHIZAWA, Youji MORIMOTO and Ichirou YASUDA |
| There have been misgivings about distribution of Datura seeds as a illegal drug, because of the health damage to people, especialy young people. This study identified that the original plant of Datura seeds was D. stramonium by cultivation of seeds in a package of Datura seeds. A comparative morphological study was carried out on the seeds of 10 Datura taxa, belonging to section Datura 5 taxa and Stramonium 5 taxa including D. stramonium derived from Datura seeds. The results showed that the morphological characteristics of seeds of section Stramonium were reniform shape, black, reticulate and smaller size than other species. In TLC using Me-OH extracts of seeds and leaves of D. stramonium and D. innoxia, orange spots appeared when sprayed with dragen-dorf reagent. These spots were atropin (Rf 0.16) and scopolamine (Rf 0.62). Atropin (At) and scopolamine (Scp) in the cotyledons, seeds, leaves, corollas, and Roots of D. stramonium and D. innoxia were measured by HPLC. The seeds and leaves were the main parts contaiming alkaloids, and contained more atropin than scopolamine, respectively: 5.2 mg/g (At, seeds), 2.3 mg/g (At, leaves), 1.3 mg/g (Scp, leaves) of D. stramonium and 4.4 mg/g (At, seeds), 1.1 mg/g (scp, seeds), 4.4 mg/g (At, leaves), 1.4 mg/g (Scp, leaves) of D. innoxia. From the results of the alkaloids contents of the seeds, it was estimated that about 15 Datura seeds would produce neurological damage in humans. |
| illegal drug, datura seeds, Datura plant, D. stramonium, atropin, scopolamine |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 55,61-66,2004 |
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| 10 Screening Method of the Chemical Illegal Drugs by HPLC-PDA
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| Machiko NAGASHIMA, Takako SETO, Misako TAKAHASHI, Hirofumi MIYAKE and Ichiro YASUDA |
| illegal drug, HPLC-PDA, rapid analysis, screening method |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 55,67-71,2004 |
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| 11 New Analogues of Sildenafil in the Dietary Supplements
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| Takako MORIYASU, Sutemi SHIGEOKA, Keiko MINOWA, Kiyoko KISHIMOTO and Ichiro YASUDA |
| New analogues of sildenafil, the effective substance of Viagra, were found in dietary supplements for men in November 2003 and April 2004. They were isolated from the supplements and investigated. They were identified as homosildenafil and acetildenafil (also called 'hongdenafil'). It's first time that they have been found in Japan. The physical and chemical properties of them and analytical results by TLC, HPLC/PDA and HPLC/MS also are shown in this report. |
| dietary supplements, homosildenafil, acetildenafil, hongdenafil, analogues of sildenafil, TLC, HPLC, HPLC/MS |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 55,73-77,2004 |
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| 12 Analysis of New Hair Colorants of Cosmetics
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| Nahomi OHNUKI, Yoshiaki NAKAMURA, Ken'ichiro MORI, Kiyosi TERASHIMA, Toshiro YOKOYAMA and Kouichi ITOH |
| A rapid and simple analysis by HPLC was developed to determine the suitability of 14 new synthetic hair colorants for cosmetics. The analytical procedure was as follows: The samples were diluted with 50% methanol and injected into HPLC. The HPLC conditions were as follows: HPLC column; ODS (4.6 mm i.d.×150 mm), mobile phase 1; Methanol / H2O linear gradient, mobile phase 2; 0.04% phophoric acid including 0.5% sodium 1-decanesulfonate / Methanol (40:60), photodiode-array; 200-800 nm, column temperature; 40°C. The 14 new hair colorants were separated for about 30 min and were identified from the absorbant spectra of each peak.By using this method, new hair colorants used in 15 commercial cosmetics were determined to have good handling quality. |
| HPLC, cosmetics, hair colorant, semipermanent hair dye preparation, analysis |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 54,79-83,2004 |
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| 13 Survey of Formaldehyde in Furnitures and Migration of Formaldehyde on Textile Products in Drawers
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| Yoko KIKUCHI, Hideo YAMANOBE and Koichi ITO |
| formaldehyde, household necessities, migration, textile products, furniture, drawers |
| Ann.Rep.Tokyo Metr.Inst.P.H., 54,85-92,2004 |